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Sample Rate (2)
Every cycle has 'Two' energy changes: so, @ 20 Hz, sample rate (S.R.) is 40 Hz
CD's (Compact Disk) Sample Rate = 44.1 kHz —-> ∴ CD's Frequency = 22.05 kHz 44.10 / 22.05 = 2 Samples / Cycle
S.R. = Number of samples / sec Freq. = Number of cycles / sec
ex) If a CD's frequency is 18 kHz then: 44,000 / 18,000 = 2.45 samples / cycle If a CD's frequency is 10 kHz then: 44,000 / 10,000 = 4.44 samples / cycle
[side trip]
A (Analog) = Recording D (Digital) = Mixing D (Digital) = Mastering
20 Hz ~ 20 kHz: - Audible frequency (to human)
*Older people lose high frequency hearing
Bits = Amplitude S.R. = Frequency - So, number of bits ↑ then Amplitude (volume) ↑ - Sample Rate ↑ then Pitch ↑
e.g. 4 bit 8 bit - Standard 16 bit - CD 24 bit - DVD / SACD
Therefore, 4 bit = 0 ~ 15 = 16 values 8 bit = 0 ~ 255 = 256 values 16 bit = 0 ~ 65k = 65k + 1 values 24 bit = 0 ~ 16777216 = 16777217 values
Every 1 bit = 6 dB (decibel): - If you increase the level of a signal by 6 dB, it will sound twice as loud - At 16 bits, maximum volume is 96 dB (16 x 6 = 96) - At 24 bits, maximum volume is 144 dB (24 x 6 = 144)
[side trip] DVD-A (96kHz - 24 bits): 96,000 x 24 = 2,304,000 bits/sec ÷ 8 = 288,000 bytes/sec ÷ 1,000 = 288 Kbytes/sec ÷ 1,000 = 0.208 Mbytes/sec ==> x 60 = 17.28 MB/min
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