Audio Engineering

Audio Level Meters

The Music Telegraph | Text 2019/03/21 [12:19]
Audio Engineering

Audio Level Meters

The Music Telegraph| 입력 : 2019/03/21 [12:19]

 



 

Audio Level Meters

 

 

Level Meters 

- A visual representation of the electrical strength of an audio signal

- For measurement of External Level Variation 

 

 

 

1. VU Meter

- Volume Unit

- 0 vu = +4 dBm (dBu)

- An 'averaging' meter reads the average levels 

- Like our hearing, indicates the average loudness

- Not the actual level of the signal (VU meter is strength meter)

 

▲ VU Meter

 




2. Peak Meter

- Read absolute level (Not an average level)

- Track all transients

- Indicates the true electrical peak

- Must use for digital recording

- Most peak meters are L.E.D. (Light Emitting Diodes) 

- Type of meter: individual lights, bar graph

 

▲ Peak Meter



 

 

3. PPM

- Peak Program Meter

- -12 = +4 dBm

- Fast Rise Ballistic

- Slow Fall off Ballistic 

- Read both absolute & average level

 

▲ Peak Program Meter



 

4. Digital Meter

 

- Digital ‘0’ = MOL (Maximum Operating Level)

- Accepted ROL Level (Reference Operating Level) = -18

- Digital level gives more freedom than analog does in controlling

 

▲ Digital Meter

 


*Basically 2 ~ 4 are same things (except VU meter)

 

 

 

 

[side trip]

  

▲ Range of analog & digital meter

© The Music Telegraph





▲ Dynamic Range (*Refer to range of Headroom (0 vu ~ 18 vu; +4 dBu ~ +24 dBu, ROL ~ MOL))

© The Music Telegraph



 

▲ Audio signal and noise waveform

© The Music Telegraph



 

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